Abstract
BackgroundAedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is the main vector of dengue virus in China. The resistance to insecticides is a huge obstacle for the control of this species, and determining its resistance status and mechanisms in China is essential for the implementation of vector management strategies.MethodsWe have investigated the larval and adult resistance status of Ae. albopictus to deltamethrin in eight field populations in China. Mutations at the voltage-gated sodium channel gene, related to the knockdown resistance (kdr) effect, were detected by sequencing of PCR products. The eight field populations were examined for pyrethroid resistance using the World Health Organization standard bioassays, and the association between the mutations and phenotypic resistance was tested.ResultsThe eight field populations of larvae of Ae. albopictus in China exhibited high resistance to deltamethrin; the RR50 values ranged from 12 (ZJ) to 44 (GZ). Adult bioassay revealed that Ae. albopictus populations were resistant to deltamethrin (mortality rate < 90%), except ZJ population (probably resistant, mortality rate = 93.5%). Long knockdown time in the field populations was consistent with low mortality rates in adult bioassay. F1534S mutation showed increased protection against deltamethrin in all populations except BJ and SJZ populations, whereas I1532T mutation showed increased protection against deltamethrin in only BJ population.ConclusionThere were different degrees of resistance to deltamethrin in field Ae. albopictus populations in China. The longest knockdown time and lowest mortality rate observed in Ae. albopictus population in Guangzhou indicate the severity of high resistance to deltamethrin. The patchy distribution of deltamethrin resistance and kdr mutations in Ae. albopictus mosquitoes suggests the necessity for resistance management and developing counter measures to mitigate the spread of resistance.Graphical
Highlights
Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is the main vector of dengue virus in China
There were 5458 imported dengue cases distributed in 734 counties, 29 provinces and 59,183 indigenous dengue cases distributed in 314 counties and 13 provinces in mainland China during 2014–2018 [4]
The highest mortality rate was observed for ZJ population, which was probable resistance
Summary
Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is the main vector of dengue virus in China. Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is the main vector of dengue virus in China because of its wide range in nearly one third of China from north of 41°N latitude to the southern reaches compared to the distribution of Ae. aegypti, limited to Hainan, Yunnan and a small area of the southernmost part of Guangdong Province [1, 2]. Aedes albopictus is the vector of three other important human viral diseases: yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika [7]. These diseases are a public health concern in China
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