Insecticide resistance status of Bemisia tabaci Q‐biotype in south‐eastern Spain

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Q-biotype has readily developed resistance to numerous insecticide classes. Studies in the Mediterranean area are needed to clarify the resistance status and cross-resistance patterns in this invasive whitefly biotype. The levels of resistance in nymphs of seven strains of B. tabaci Q-biotype from south-eastern Spain to representative insecticides were determined. Six populations had low to moderate levels of resistance to azadirachtin (0.2- to 7-fold), buprofezin (11- to 59-fold), imidacloprid (1- to 15-fold), methomyl (3- to 55-fold), pyridaben (0.9- to 9-fold), pyriproxyfen (0.7- to 15-fold) and spiromesifen (1- to 7-fold), when compared with a contemporary Spanish Q-biotype reference population (LC(50) = 2.7, 8.7, 15.2, 19.9, 0.34, 20.9 and 1.1 mg L(-1) respectively). A single population collected from a greenhouse subject to intensive insecticide use exhibited generally higher resistance levels to the same array of compounds (31-, 1164-, 3-, 52-, 9-, 19- and 3-fold respectively). Pyridaben and spiromesifen were extremely effective against nymphs of all strains, with LC(50) values significantly below recommended application rates. In contrast to previous reports, high rates of efficacy exist for numerous insecticide classes against B. tabaci Q-biotype populations in these intensive agricultural regions of south-eastern Spain. This probably reflects the recent and significant reductions in exposure that have resulted from a wider uptake of IPM technologies and strategies. However, the continued presence of resistance genes also suggests that a reversion to levels of high insecticide exposure could result in a rapid selection for resistance.