Abstract
In the laboratory, were evaluated the effects (residual contact and feeding deterrence) of the essential oils from the leaves of Piper aduncum, Lippia sidoides and Schinus terebinthifolius, as well as eleven selected constituents and binary blends of oils in different proportions against 3rd instar larvae of Plutella xylostella (L.). The Piper oil demonstrated the greatest toxicity (LC50 = 0.31 µL/mL) and feeding deterrence (DC50 = 1.08 µL/mL) between oils tested. Dillapiole (LC50 = 1.01 µL/mL; DC50 = 1.10 µL/mL) and carvacrol (LC50 = 6.03 µL/mL; DC50 = 0.075 µL/mL) demonstrated the greatest toxicity and feeding deterrence between constituents tested, respectively. Based on the fractional effects indices for the blends, a synergistic interaction was found for the blend of the Lippia and Schinus oils at a proportion of 75 and 25%, respectively. The present findings indicate that this blend could be used in the control of P. xylostella, as the literature reports populations resistant to the active ingredient in the positive control, Premio®. Further studies are needed for the development of a new botanical insecticide based on the active ingredients in oils from L. sidoides and S. terebinthifolius to improve efficiency, stability and the cost-benefit in the control of P. xylostella.
Highlights
The cultivation of vegetables in Brazil is on the order of 842 thousand hectares
The yields and chemical composition of the essential oils from P. aduncum, L. sidoides and S. terebinthifolius and the chemical constituents are listed in increasing order based on the retention index (Table I)
Lippia and Schinus (β-caryophyllene, 17.2 ± 0.76%) oils have been reported for P. aduncum (Souto et al 2012), L. sidoides (Silva et al 2014) and S. terebinthifolius (Cavalcanti et al 2015) from other collection sites
Summary
The production of cabbage alone has reached 1.3 million tons in recent years, generating an income of US$ 250 million (ABCSEM 2014). This production is currently affected by infestations and damage caused by larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), which mainly attacks cabbage, kale and lettuce in irrigated systems, especially in the state of Pernambuco in northeastern Brazil. In an attempt to reduce such losses, synthetic chemical insecticides have been used as the main form of control (Furlong et al 2013), the most often employed of which belong to the groups of pyrethroids and organophosphates. The active ingredient (chlorantraniliprole) has been used in formulations of the main
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