Abstract
Efficacy of three bio-insecticides (i.e. Spinosad, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae), three inert dusts (i.e. diatomaceous earth, sugar beet wastes and sawdust) and modified atmospheres as alternatives to methyl bromide against adults Sitophilus oryzae on wheat was investigated in laboratory bioassays. Results showed that spinosad was the most effective bio-insecticide against S. oryzae at all exposure periods. Likewise, diatomaceous earth caused the highest mortality percentage compared to the other tested inert dusts. A three and five days exposure periods were adequate to completely kill S. oryzae under modified atmospheres containing 80% and (40 and 60%) CO2 gas in the air, respectively. Therefore, spinosad, diatomaceous earth and modified atmospheres could be consider eco-friendly control methods and promising alternatives to conventional pesticides, as they have low mammalian toxicity and low or zero residual effects in food.
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