Abstract
BackgroundThe uses of botanical pesticides in pest management are currently on remarkable increase due to their efficacy, biodegradability, environment-friendly, and availability. Ethanol extracts of three spices (Piper guineense, Aframomum melegueta, Zingiber officinale) and commercial botanical pesticide AzaSol (6% azadirachtin) were assessed for contact toxicity, residual effects, and for their potential in soil application against pupariating larvae of oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) in the laboratory at ambient temperature of 27 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 75–80%. The extracts and AzaSol were applied at 1:1.5 w/v concentration while cypermethrin was introduced as standard check and applied at 5 ml/liter of water.ResultsAll the treatments were very effective against B. dorsalis in contact toxicity and residual affects recording 89.4–100% larval mortality at 24 h post-application. Z. officinale and cypermethrin had similar contact and residual effects on B. dorsalis, both recording 100% larval mortality at 24 h post-exposure. Piper guineense showed higher residual effects than contact effects, while A. melegueta and AzaSol showed better contact effects than residual effects against B. dorsalis larvae. AzaSol was the most effective among the botanicals in reducing the adult emergence and in enhancing larval mortality (96.7%) on treated soil followed by Piper guineense (83.3%). The efficacy of AzaSol on the treated soil was comparable to cypermethrin. All the extracts were significantly more effective than control in enhancing pupariating larvae mortality and in reducing adult emergence on treated soil.ConclusionEthanol extracts of P. guineense and A. melegueta were highly promising against B. dorsalis on treated soil and could be adopted in soil application targeting puparia under the tree canopies as part of integrated pest management of B. dorsalis in orchards.
Highlights
The uses of botanical pesticides in pest management are currently on remarkable increase due to their efficacy, biodegradability, environment-friendly, and availability
Larval mortality was observed from 60 min to 24 h post-treatments on all the botanicals (Table 1)
The mortality action of Z. officinale was highest with mean value of 2.33 at 1440 min of post-exposure, and it was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from 6% azadirachtin (1.67)
Summary
The uses of botanical pesticides in pest management are currently on remarkable increase due to their efficacy, biodegradability, environment-friendly, and availability. Different management strategies for fruit fly species devastating crops has been developed in various parts of the world (Dias, Zotti, Montoya, Carvalho, & Nava, 2018; Mau, Jang, & Vargas, 2007; Vargas et al, 2001; Vargas, Mau, Jang, Faust, & Wong, 2008) Some of these major control strategies include farm sanitation, foliage, and soil application of insecticides, bait spray, male annihilation techniques, biological control, release of sterilized flies, and parasitoids (Clark, Steck, & Weems, 1996; Vargas et al, 2001, 2008; Vargas, Leblanc, Piñero, & Hoffman, 2014). Acetone extracts of turmeric has been reported to show high repellent effects and growth inhibition of B. zonata (Siddiqi, Jilani, Rehman, & Kanvil, 2006)
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