Insect-borne diseases.

Abstract

Abstract This chapter describes the 2 main groups of disease-transmitting mosquitoes (anophelines and culicines) and arbovirus infections grouped into 3 symptom complexes: those producing mainly fever or arthritis (Chikungunya, O'nyong-nyong, West Nile, Orungo, Oropouche and Ross River fevers and Zika); those presenting as fever and encephalitis (Western equine, Eastern equine, St Louis, Venezuelan, Japanese, Murray Valley and Rocio encephalitis); and, haemorrhagic fevers (Yellow fever, Dengue, Rift Valley fever, Kyasanur Forest disease and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever). It discusses the aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis, transmission, incubation period, period of communicability, occurrence and distribution, control and prevention (e.g., insecticide-treated nets, insecticide spraying, larviciding, environmental modification, vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, mass drug administration, biological control), treatment and surveillance of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and biting flies such as Japanese encephalitis, dengue, yellow fever, malaria, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, loiasis, African trypanosomiasis, Chagas' disease and leishmaniasis.