Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), especially those transmitted by mosquitoes, are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals worldwide. Recent discoveries indicate that mosquitoes are naturally infected with a wide range of other viruses, many within taxa occupied by arboviruses that are considered insect-specific. Over the past ten years there has been a dramatic increase in the literature describing novel insect-specific virus detection in mosquitoes, which has provided new insights about viral diversity and evolution, including that of arboviruses. It has also raised questions about what effects the mosquito virome has on arbovirus transmission. Additionally, the discovery of these new viruses has generated interest in their potential use as biological control agents as well as novel vaccine platforms. The arbovirus community will benefit from the growing database of knowledge concerning these newly described viral endosymbionts, as their impacts will likely be far reaching.
Highlights
IntroductionArthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are vertebrate-infectious viruses transmitted biologically (requiring replication in the vector) by mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropod vectors
Arthropod-borne viruses are vertebrate-infectious viruses transmitted biologically by mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropod vectors
In vitro and in vivo studies of newly described insect-specific viruses have revealed a novel group of viruses that are host-restricted to replication in invertebrate cells, in contrast to arboviruses, sensu strictu, which are able to replicate in both vertebrate and invertebrate cells
Summary
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are vertebrate-infectious viruses transmitted biologically (requiring replication in the vector) by mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropod vectors They are responsible for significant public health, social, and economic burden throughout the world, causing sporadic disease outbreaks and epidemics affecting human and animal populations. Phylogenetic analyses and experimental studies demonstrate that many of these insect-specific viruses isolated from mosquitoes are closely related to human pathogenic arboviruses, which raises questions about the potential role they may play in modulating arbovirus transmission. Ongoing studies characterizing these viruses indicate potential applications for biological control as well as novel vaccine strategies
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