Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and biting arthropods are environmental hazards. Exposure to UVR, even in small amounts, can cause skin cancer and lead to accelerated ageing of skin. For these reasons, protection with a sunscreen of at least a sun protection factor (SPF) 15 is recommended.1 Biting arthropods can cause discomfort and transmit diseases such as Lyme disease and malaria. Chemical arthropod repellents (insect repellents) are effective in preventing arthropod bites.2 Because sunscreens and insect repellents are often used together, we studied the effect of insect repellent applied after sunscreen on the sunscreen's efficacy.
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