Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize galls of three species of the Copaifera genus (C. sabulicola, C. luetzelburgii and C. depilis), which occur sympatrically in a Cerrado area from Bahia state. A total of 23 gall morphotypes were found, 9 morphotypes on C. sabulicola, 7 on C. luetzelburgii and 7 on C. depilis. Galls predominated on leaves and stems. The most abundant colours found among galls were brown and green. Regarding the period of the year, from 35,511 leaflets analysed, 16,322 were collected in the dry season and 19,189 in the rainy season. In the dry season, 1,635 leaflets having galls were observed, and the highest proportion was observed on C. luetzelburgii (16.31%). In relation to the rainy season, there is statistical difference in the incidence of leaflets with galls between C. sabulicola and C. depilis, these two species are affected differently during the rainy season. In general, most of the gall morphotypes were more abundant in the dry season. The gallers of 18 morphotypes cannot be determined, because the gall samples were collected occupied by parasitoids or without dwellers. Cecidomyiids induced galls in five morphotypes. Associated invertebrates belonging to the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Acari were found among all gall morphotypes. The results obtained here indicate that the three species of Copaifera have an expressive number of galls, but lower than reported in the literature for C. langsdorffii, which is considered a super host.
Highlights
The genus Copaifera L. (Leguminosa, Caesalpinioideae) has 38 species, distributed in Central America (4 spp.), South America (29 spp.), Africa (4 spp.) and Asia (1 sp.)
The rainy season comprises the months from October to April, while the dry season corresponds to the months from May to September
In the three Copaifera species, a total of 23 gall morphotypes were obtained, 9 morphotypes found on C. sabulicola, 7 on C. luetzelburgii and 7 on C. depilis
Summary
The genus Copaifera L. (Leguminosa, Caesalpinioideae) has 38 species, distributed in Central America (4 spp.), South America (29 spp.), Africa (4 spp.) and Asia (1 sp.). Furthemore, the species C. langsdorffii Desf., C. depilis Dwyer, C. luetzelburgii Harms and C. sabulicola Costa & Queiroz occur sympatrically in western region of this state (Santos et al 1985a). Despite the wide distribution of Copaifera in Brazilian territory, studies on the relationships between galling insects and species of this genus are mainly related to Copaifera langsdorffi Desf. This species is considered by Costa et al (2010), as the tropical arboreal species with the richest galling insects ever described (23 morphotypes) and can be considered a super host (Gonçalves-Alvim & Fernandes 2001). The aims of this study were to characterize galls of three species on this genus, Copaifera depilis Dwyer, Copaifera luetzelburgii Harms and Copaifera sabulicola Costa & Queiroz, which occur sympatrically in Western Bahia and compare their abundance
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