Abstract
The sequence of insect-caused damage and mortality to conelets and 2nd-year cones of shortleaf pine, Pinus echinata Mill, was followed over the 2-year period of cone development in the Georgia Piedmont. During the 1st year, major conelet loss was attributed to infestation by the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), and to abortion, possibly the result of feeding by a seedbug Leptoglossus corculus (Say). Over 70% of the tota1 recorded mortality occurred during this 1st year of cone development. Subsequent disappearance after the initia1 observation accounted for 38% of the conelet loss in 1968 and 62% of the loss of overwintering cones during 1969. Major 2nd-year cone loss was attributed to a combination of coneworms (Dioryctria spp.), a coneborer (Eucosma cocana Kearfott), and midges (Cecidomyiidae). However, loss of nearly half of the seed within the cones, probably the result of seedbug feeding, was the greatest single factor affecting ultimate seed yields of the study trees.
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