In-season strength maintenance training increases well-trained cyclists’ performance

Abstract

We investigated the effects of strength maintenance training on thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), leg strength, determinants of cycling performance, and cycling performance. Well-trained cyclists completed either (1) usual endurance training supplemented with heavy strength training twice a week during a 12-week preparatory period followed by strength maintenance training once a week during the first 13weeks of a competition period (E+S; n=6 [♂=6]), or (2) usual endurance training during the whole intervention period (E; n=6 [♂=5, ♀=1]). Following the preparatory period, E+S increased thigh muscle CSA and 1RM (p<0.05), while no changes were observed in E. Both groups increased maximal oxygen consumption and mean power output in the 40-min all-out trial (p<0.05). At 13 weeks into the competition period, E+S had preserved the increase in CSA and strength from the preparatory period. From the beginning of the preparatory period to 13weeks into the competition period, E+S increased peak power output in the Wingate test, power output at 2mmoll(-1) [la(-)], maximal aerobic power output (W (max)), and mean power output in the 40-min all-out trial (p<0.05). The relative improvements in the last two measurements were larger than in E (p<0.05). For E, W (max) and power output at 2mmoll(-1) [la(-)] remained unchanged. In conclusion, in well-trained cyclists, strength maintenance training in a competition period preserved increases in thigh muscle CSA and leg strength attained in a preceding preparatory period and further improved cycling performance determinants and performance.