Abstract
We studied the broader area of Thessaloniki in northern Greece and Chalkidiki and performed an InSAR campaign to study the surface deformation phenomena that have been known to exist for at least two decades. Sentinel-1 data (2015–2019) together with drill measurements were exploited to focus on specific sites of interest. Our results indicate an ongoing displacement field. At the region of Kalochori and Sindos—where intense subsidence in the 1990s was previously found to have had a natural surface rebound in the 2000s—a new period of subsidence, caused by the enlivenment of the groundwater overexploitation, was reported. The uplifting trend of Oreokastro is still active and subsidence in Anthemountas graben is ongoing; special focus was set on the Makedonia Airport, where significant displacement is occurring. The study also reveals a new area at Nea Moudania, that was not known previously to deform; another case corresponding to anthropogenic-induced surface displacement. Thessaloniki is surrounded by different persistent displacement phenomena, whose main driving mechanisms are anthropogenic. The sensitivity of the surface displacements to the water trends is highlighted in parts of the study area. Results highlight the plan of a water resources management as a high priority for the area.
Highlights
Thessaloniki is located in Northern Greece and is the second largest city of the country (Figure 1)
Based on Sentinel-1 and new in-situ underground water level data, we analyzed several areas in the broader area of the city of Thessaloniki, which were found to be deforming during the years of 2015–2019
For the area of Kalochori–Sindos, even though there was a natural rebound after 2000—pausing the subsidence rates of the past—this study showed that a clear subsidence trend has been initiated again
Summary
Thessaloniki is located in Northern Greece and is the second largest city of the country (Figure 1). Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) techniques have been successfully applied using data from radar satellites for the monitoring of surface displacement in several cases globally (e.g., [3,4]) and in Greece (e.g., [5,6,7,8]). The advent of technological advancements of radar satellites has provided significant input data and has given rise to a series of InSAR studies at the wider region of Thessaloniki. Some of these studies have detected and measured the ground surface displacement (e.g., [9,10,11]). Other InSAR studies used in-situ data and ground campaigns to interpret
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