Inquiry of entropy generation in stratified Walters’ B nanofluid with swimming gyrotactic microorganisms

Abstract

This article focuses on the study of Walters B nanofluid, under the impact of Joule heating, inclined magnetic field, viscous dissipation, swimming microorganisms, and stratification flowing past a horizontal cylindrical surface. The mathematical model is reduced to higher-order ordinary differential equations using Von Neumann similarity transformations. To obtain analytical solutions, the Optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM) has been applied to the mathematical form. The analysis of skin friction, heat transfer rates and mass transfer rates of nanoparticles as well as swimming microorganisms is done using variation in different parameters and these results are portrayed using contour plots. Entropy is studied through dimensionless entropy generation parameter NG and Bejan number Be. The internal molecular stability is seen to reduce for temperature difference parameter Ω‾.