Inpatient outcomes comparing White and Black patients with obesity hospitalized for COVID-19 infection

Abstract

ObjectiveComparisons between Black and White patients with obesity hospitalized with COVID-19 have not been fully studied. We sought to determine outcomes differences between these two groups. MethodsNational Inpatient Sample database year 2020 was studied using multivariable regression to compare Black and White patients with obesity and COVID-19 infection. Outcomes were in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and hospital charges. Results205,365 Black and White patients with obesity were hospitalized for COVID-19. 141,010 (68.6%) were White and 64,355 (31.3%) were Black. Black patients were younger (mean age [± standard error] 55.5 ± 0.14 vs. 62.1± 0.11; p < 0.01), more likely female (63.2% vs 50.9%; p < 0.01), and had lower mean comorbidity (Elixhauser score means [± standard error] 4.4 ± 0.02 vs. 4.6 ± 0.01; p < 0.01) than White patients. Black patients had lower odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted Odds Ratio {aOR}=0.86 CI [0.77–0.97]; p = 0.01), longer hospital stays (adjusted Mean Difference {aMD}=0.32 days CI [0.14–0.51]; p < 0.01) and incurred higher, though non-significant hospital charges (aMD = $2,144 CI [-2270–+6560]; p = 0.34) than White patients. ConclusionDuring the first year of the pandemic, Black patients with obesity and COVID-19 were less likely to die during the incident hospitalization but used greater hospital resources compared to White patients.