Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphatases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate to orthophosphate. These enzymes are divided into two groups: the soluble pyrophosphatases and the membrane pyrophosphatases. They vary in structure and each has a determined catalysis mechanism. Soluble pyrophosphatases are ubiquitous enzymes and play a key role in regulating the rate of pyrophosphate and balance in this sense, the biosynthetic reactions. Membrane pyrophosphatases are ion pumps, producing a proton or sodium gradient, and provide critical energy reserves to organisms, especially during stress conditions. Several studies have shown that these enzymes are involved in numerous disorders (diseases, fault cell growth···). However they are potential targets for the development of agents against parasites. This article consists of a description of the different types, structures, catalytic properties of inorganic pyrophosphatases and their involvement in cellular metabolism.
Highlights
Phosphorus (P) is the fifth largest bio-element to living organisms as a compound cell
This article consists of a description of the different types, structures, catalytic properties of inorganic pyrophosphatases and their involvement in cellular metabolism
It is transported within cells as orthophosphate anion ( H2PO−4 or inorganic phosphate) and it is involved in the formation of phospholipids, components with high energy (ATP) and pathways subtracts like pyrophosphate ( PO32− − O − PO32− ), whose binding energy is used by all organisms
Summary
Phosphorus (P) is the fifth largest bio-element to living organisms as a compound cell It is transported within cells as orthophosphate anion ( H2PO−4 or inorganic phosphate) and it is involved in the formation of phospholipids, components with high energy (ATP) and pathways subtracts like pyrophosphate ( PO32− − O − PO32− ), whose binding energy is used by all organisms. Intracellular level of pyrophosphate is permanently regulated by hydrolysis in orthophosphate This reaction is catalyzed by inorganic pyrophosphatases. Two major types of inorganic pyrophosphatase are distinguished: the soluble pyrophosphatases (sPPases) and the membrane pyrophosphatases (H+/Na+-PPases). These enzymes are essential for regulating intracellular level of pyrophosphate and producing a proton or sodium gradient necessary for cells. This article will describe the different types, structures, catalytic properties of inorganic pyrophosphatases and their involvement in cellular metabolism
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