Abstract
Industrial and municipal residues applied to agricultural crops under no-till (NT) can promote benefits to many soil properties. The reuse of such materials reduces the supply of mineral fertilizers and provides greater economic and environmental sustainability. Besides being attenuators of soil acidity, some of these residues are excellent sources of plant nutrients such as phosphorus (P). Understanding the dynamics of P arising from residues applied in tropical soils is important to assist in crops fertilization management. In this context, the objective was to quantify the inorganic P forms (Pi) through the P fractionation in an Oxisol that received application of municipal and industrial residues. Four residues composed treatments: LC - centrifuged sewage sludge with addition of lime (CaO); LB - sewage sludge from the biodigester with the addition of polyelectrolytes; E - steel slag; and Lcal - lime mud applied at doses of 0, 2, 4 and 8 Mg ha-1. The P fractionation was performed in soil samples collected at 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm layers. The LC treatment provided the highest values of anion exchange resin (AER) Pi. The residual P has presented stability thus does not show significant differences regarding its distribution along with the soil profile.
Highlights
The use of residues in agriculture has been the most promising way to promote a noble end to these materials since they are often accumulated in the environment without proper treatment or use that allows their recycling (Nascimento et al, 2004)
The treatments were constituted by four residues: LC - sewage sludge centrifuged with addition of lime (CaO), from Presidente Prudente's STS (Sao Paulo, Brazil); LB - sewage sludge from a biodigester with the addition of polyelectrolytes, produced by STS in Barueri (Sao Paulo, Brazil); E steel slag generated by Mannesmann; and Lcal – lime mud from the Ripasa cellulose company
This fact justifies the increase in the AERPi as a function of the doses of residues applied (Table 2), which corroborates the results obtained in other studies (e.g.: Conte et al, 2002)
Summary
The use of residues in agriculture has been the most promising way to promote a noble end to these materials since they are often accumulated in the environment without proper treatment or use that allows their recycling (Nascimento et al, 2004). These residues vary in composition depending on the place of their origin, the season and the hygiene process used. The method proposed by Hedley et al (1982) has the advantage of relating the forms of phosphorus in the soil to their availability to the plants. P fractionation after the application of four residues in an Oxisol under NT
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