Abstract
IntroductionPhosphate is an essential factor in skeletal mineralization. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an important regulator of various genes in osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and dental pulp cells. However, the effects of Pi on the precursor cells of periodontal cells remain unknown. The present study aimed to assess the effects of Pi on dental follicle cells that contribute to periodontium formation as precursor cells. Material and methodsMurine dental follicle cells (SVF4) were treated with Pi, and the corresponding effects on mineralization and gene expression were observed. Mineralized nodule formation during SVF4 differentiation was assayed by alizarin red S staining. Expression of genes associated with differentiation and mineralization was analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. ResultsTreatment of SVF4 cells with 3mM Pi induced mineral nodule formation after 2 weeks. In addition, treatment with 3mM Pi upregulated the mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and osteopontin and downregulated the mRNA expression of noggin. The effects of Pi on SVF4 were blocked by treatment with phosphonoformic acid, also known as foscarnet, which is the competitive inhibitor of Na-Pi transport. ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that Pi enhanced dental follicle cell differentiation by upregulating cementogenic/osteogenic gene expression.
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