Abstract
In the past few decades, brain diseases have taken a heavy toll on human health and social systems. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photoacoustic imaging (PA), computed tomography (CT), and other imaging modes play important roles in disease prevention and treatment. However, the disadvantages of traditional imaging mode, such as long imaging time and large noise, limit the effective diagnosis of diseases, and reduce the precision treatment of diseases. The ever-growing applications of inorganic nanomaterials in biomedicine provide an exciting way to develop novel imaging systems. Moreover, these nanomaterials with special physicochemical characteristics can be modified by surface modification or combined with functional materials to improve targeting in different diseases of the brain to achieve accurate imaging of disease regions. This article reviews the potential applications of different types of inorganic nanomaterials in vivo imaging and in vitro detection of different brain disease models in recent years. In addition, the future trends, opportunities, and disadvantages of inorganic nanomaterials in the application of brain diseases are also discussed. Additionally, recommendations for improving the sensitivity and accuracy of inorganic nanomaterials in screening/diagnosis of brain diseases.
Highlights
The rising incidence of brain diseases over the past few years has become the most common cause of disability and death worldwide, placing a heavy burden on families and societies
The neurodegenerative diseases caused by the loss of neurons and their myelin sheath, which deteriorate over time and result in dysfunction, are problematic
The results showed that the drug-loaded nanoparticles improved Parkinson’s Disease (PD)-related motor dysfunction and reversed the content of dopamine and its metabolites [17]
Summary
The rising incidence of brain diseases over the past few years has become the most common cause of disability and death worldwide, placing a heavy burden on families and societies. Brain diseases can be divided into many types. The first category is tumors of the brain, including primary tumors of the brain, such as gliomas. The second category is brain trauma, such as concussion, brain contusion and laceration, diffuse axonal injury, various types of intracerebral hemorrhage, and intracranial hemorrhage. The third category is the brain vascular diseases, including ischemic cerebrovascular disease and cerebral aneurysm, hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, stroke, and other diseases. The current diagnosis method is relatively simple, the resolution is not high, and it is difficult to accurately locate the lesion site, which greatly limits the precise treatment of the disease. This review introduces different brain diseases and corresponding treatment methods.
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