Abstract
Effluent from the secondary treatment of municipal wastewater was treated with membrane filtration to reduce its toxicity. Five different inorganic membranes were tested, namely, an α-alumina microfiltration membrane, an anatase titania ultrafiltration membrane, a γ-alumina nanofiltration membrane, an amorphous titania nanofiltration membrane, and an amorphous hybrid organo-silica membrane. The permeabilities and selectivities (color, UV254-absorbing components, conductivity and inorganic nitrogen compounds) of the membranes were determined, and the γ-alumina nanofiltration membrane was found to be the most promising membrane for the treatment of the effluent. The effluent flux was measured to be approximately 40 L m–2 h–1 for the γ-alumina nanofiltration membrane, and it removed nearly 75% of the UV254-absorbing components and 15% of the ions. It also removed 40% of the CuCl and 25% of the CuSO4 from the spiked effluent. The fouling resistance was less pronounced for the γ-alumina membrane compared with ...
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