Abstract
Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved an inspiring third-party-certificated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2%, which is comparable with commercialized silicon (Si) and copper indium gallium selenium solar cells. However, their notorious instability, including their deterioration at elevated temperature, is still a serious issue in commercial applications. This thermal instability can be ascribed to the high volatility and reactivity of organic compounds. As a result, solar cells based on inorganic perovskite materials have drawn tremendous attention, owing to their excellent stability against thermal stress. In the last few years, PSCs based on inorganic perovskite materials have seen an astonishing development. In particular, CsPbI3 and CsPbI2Br PSCs demonstrated outstanding PCEs, exceeding 18% and 16%, respectively. In this review, we systematically discuss the properties of inorganic perovskite materials and the device configuration of inorganic PSCs as well as review the progress in PCE and stability. Encouragingly, all-inorganic PSCs, in which all functional layers are inorganic, provide a feasible approach to overcome the thermal instability issue of traditional organic-inorganic PSCs, leading to new perspectives toward commercial production of PSCs.
Highlights
The operational stability of CsPbBr3 is proved to be better than MAPbBr3 by measuring the photocurrent density as a function of time under 60%–70% relative humidity (RH).[30]
The results explicitly showed that, during the test period of 250 h, both CsPbBr3 and CsPbIBr2 perovskites exhibit fairly good device stability, compared to CsPbI2Br scitation.org/journal/apm and CsPbI3 perovskites
Solar cells based on inorganic perovskite materials have achieved much progress, both in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability, in a short time
Summary
Organic-inorganic halide perovskites have attracted extensive attention due to their outstanding photovoltaic properties, including ease of fabrication,[1,2,3,4] tunable bandgap (Eg),[5,6] long carrier diffusion length,[7,8,9] small exciton binding energy,[10] and large absorption coefficient,[11] which lead to the exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 25%.12 instability issues of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), especially under light soaking and at elevated temperature, have hindered their commercialization. Instability issues of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), especially under light soaking and at elevated temperature, have hindered their commercialization. CsPbX3 perovskites have been reported as early as 1893,14 whereas their crystal structure and photoconductive properties were identified in 1958.15 as a novel perovskite absorber employed in photovoltaics and in light emission devices, CsPbX3 developed rapidly over the past years.[16,17,18,19] Recent results showed that inorganic materials with increasing stability possess potential prospects to produce highly efficient and stable commercial devices.[18,19]. Solar cells based on inorganic perovskite absorbers are defined as inorganic PSCs (devices in which at least the light absorption layer is inorganic) and all-inorganic PSCs (devices with inorganic materials for all functional layers), which corresponding to types II and IV in Fig. 1 (in which we depict traditional n-i-p structures). The future development for the solar cells based on inorganic perovskite absorbers will be addressed
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