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Abstract
Improving the interfacial interaction between rubber and silica nanoparticles, and simultaneously reducing free sulfur and preventing migration and volatilization of a rubber vulcanizing agent, commercial sulfur compound aliphatic ether polysulfide (VA-7) was chemically attached to the silica surface to obtain a functionalized nanoparticle (silica-s-VA7). Functional nanoparticles can not only effectively crosslink rubber without sulfur as a novel vulcanizator, but are also evenly dispersed in the rubber matrix and improve the dispersion of the remaining pristine silica as an interfacial compatibilizer. In addition, the thicker immobilized polymer layer and prominent crosslinking density of SBR nanocomposites simultaneously demonstrate that the novel vulcanizing agent silica-s-VA7 gives rise to significant improvement on the rubber–filler interfacial adhesion on account of the covalent linkages of organic and inorganic interfaces between elastomer and nanofillers. We envisage that this strategy may provide a new avenue to implement high-efficiency design for a multifunctional rubber-vulcanizing agent through an organic and inorganic hybridization mechanism.
Highlights
Rubber is a necessary material for the manufacture of military products, automobiles, aerospace-related products, medical products, and daily necessities [1]
In the pristine-silica spectrum, characteristic absorption peaks at 1100 and 968 cm−1 are due to the stretching vibration of silicon hydroxyl on the silica surface, and 1630 cm−1 is according to the bending vibration of the adsorbed water
It is demonstrated that the novel vulcanizing agent silica-s-VA7 can significantly process with the rubber molecular chains, and the rubber molecular chains adhere to the silica surface increase crosslinking density and improve the interfacial interaction between filler and rubber merely through entanglement
Summary
Rubber is a necessary material for the manufacture of military products, automobiles, aerospace-related products, medical products, and daily necessities [1]. The filler-supported additives can remarkably increase aging resistance and vulcanizing or accelerating efficiency compared to that of the traditional additives, while simultaneously improving the physical mechanical properties of nanocomposites, such as excellent filler–rubber interfacial interaction, superior crosslinking density and tensile strength, thicker immobilized polymer layer, lower rolling resistance, and outstanding wet resistance. These filler-supported rubber additives can overcome the weakness of traditional small molecular additives such as high volatility and migration due to the lower solubility. The desirable organic-inorganic hybrid vulcanizator silica-s-VA7 is better than insoluble sulfur due to its significant advantages of high performance, low volatility and mobility, and environmental friendliness, being a good candidate for the preparation of functional nanofillers in the rubber industry
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