Abstract
Inorganic and organic-inorganic (hybrid) perovskite semiconductor materials have attracted worldwide scientific attention and research effort as the new wonder semiconductor material in optoelectronics. Their excellent physical and electronic properties have been exploited to boost the solar cells efficiency beyond 23% and captivate their potential as competitors to the dominant silicon solar cells technology. However, the fundamental principles in Physics, dictate that an excellent direct band gap material for photovoltaic applications must be also an excellent light emitter candidate. This has been realized for the case of perovskite-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) but much less for the case of the respective laser devices. Here, the strides, exclusively in lasing, made since 2014 are presented for the first time. The solution processability, low temperature crystallization, formation of nearly defect free, nanostructures, the long range ambipolar transport, the direct energy band gap, the high spectral emission tunability over the entire visible spectrum and the almost 100% external luminescence efficiency show perovskite semiconductors’ potential to transform the nanophotonics sector. The operational principles, the various adopted material and laser configurations along the future challenges are reviewed and presented in this paper.
Highlights
Low temperature solution processed materials that exhibit (a) high optical and tuneable absorption and emission; (b) high optical gain; (c) high crystal quality; and (d) the ability to be integrated into various optical resonator configurations, are features very attractive for a primary gain medium on chip laser devices and applications
Microdisc lasers (MDLs) are convenient laser cavity configurations (Figure 3c) since they are characterized by (a) small mode volume; (b) high Q-cavity, that allow them to be embedded into nanophotonic circuits. Their operation is based on the whispering gallery mode (WGM) type resonator, where the optical feedback is secured through the total internal reflection (TIR) along the perimeter of the disc
The optical confinement secured by the low dimensional perovskite material configuration, in combination with the superb intrinsic properties and the advancements in device engineering, have replicated their potential into solar cells to that of laser devices
Summary
Stylianakis 1 , Temur Maksudov 1,2 , Apostolos Panagiotopoulos 1,2 , George Kakavelakis 3 and Konstantinos Petridis 1,4, *.
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