Inoculation of Cynomolgus Monkeys with Coxsackie Virus Alone, Combined, or with Poliomyelitis Virus

Abstract

Summary Although three serologically distinct types of Coxsackie viruses of the A Group were not pathogenic for cynomolgus monkeys, these viruses could be recovered from sera, nasal washings, and feces after inoculations by the intracerebral, intracutaneous, intramuscular, intranasal, and intravenous routes. Viruses were isolated within 7 hours after inoculation and were demonstrable, in most instances, five to seven days later. When intranasal instillations were made, neither the virus nor the neutralizing antibodies remained demonstrable for as long as when other routes of inoculation were employed. Following simultaneous injection of two types of Coxsackie virus both could be demonstrated in certain animals; in others, only one. Inoculation of mixtures of Coxsackie and poliomyelitis virus did not prevent infection with the latter agent. Both viruses were recovered from the nervous tissue of animals that succumbed to poliomyelitis after intracerebral or intranasal injection. Coxsackie virus, as well as poliomyelitis virus, was recovered after inoculation of the nervous tissue, but not the intestinal contents, of first passage animals to a second group of monkeys. Monkeys injected by various routes with Coxsackie viruses were not immune to a subsequent intracerebral inoculation of Brunhilde or Lansing poliomyelitis strains. Antibodies neutralizing the Coxsackie strains usually appeared soon after the virus disappeared from the blood stream and persisted for at least one month, and in some cases up to 18 weeks, after the initial injection. When Coxsackie and poliomyelitis viruses were injected simultaneously, antibodies for both viruses appeared in the blood stream.