Innovative Treatment Using Salmon Skin Extract as Topical Application for Traumatic Oral Ulcer Healing: Animal Models

Syamsulina Revianti,Lita Agustia,Puguh Bayu Prabowo,Isidora Karsini

doi:10.21315/aos2021.16.s1.7

Abstract

Salmon skin extract contains high proline and hydroxyproline, and has been suggested as a potential topical agent for traumatic oral ulcer healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salmon skin extract as traumatic oral ulcer healing. A total of 32 Wistar rats (200 g to 250 g) were distributed into four groups. Group 1 served as the control group (no treatment), Group 2 was topically treated with salmon skin extract agent 4%, Group 3 was topically treated with salmon skin extract agent 5%, and Group 4 was topically treated with salmon skin extract agent 6%. Traumatic ulcers at lip mucosa were performed in all rats and 0.1 ml salmon skin extract was applied on the ulcer twice daily for seven days. The animals were euthanised on the last day of treatment. Biopsy specimens were taken from the lip mucosa in all rats for epithelial thickness evaluation and the study for number of fibroblasts by histological analysis. Significant increase in epithelial thickness and the number of fibroblasts (p > 0.05) was observed in salmon skin extract treatment groups as compared to the control group. Salmon skin extract 6% treatment group had the highest epithelial thickness and the number of fibroblasts amongst the study groups. Salmon skin extract promises an innovative topical application treatment for traumatic oral ulcer healing. Salmon skin extract 6% was the most effective concentration for traumatic oral ulcer healing.

Highlights

The indicator used in analysing the therapeutic effect of salmon skin acetic acid extract on the healing process of traumatic oral ulcers is by analysing the thickness of the epithelium and the number of fibroblasts in the ulcer region
Group 1 served as the control group and received no treatment, Group 2 was treated with salmon skin extract agent 4% (0.1 ml, 2 × 1), Group 3 was treated with salmon skin extract agent 5% (0.1 ml, 2 × 1), Group 4 was treated with salmon skin extract agent 6% (0.1 ml, 2 × 1) topically
Significant (p < 0.001) increase in epithelial thickness and the number of fibroblasts were observed in salmon skin topically treated groups as compared to the control group

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of traumatic oral ulcers in the world reaches 24% of the population (Silva et al, 2015). Traumatic oral ulcers are secondary lesions which resulted from the loss of epithelial lining of the mouth, and stimulate the free nerve ending in the lamina propria that causes pain (Laskaris, 2004; Regezi et al, 2015). Trauma can be Archives of Orofacial Sciences. 1) 37–42 http://aos.usm.my/ Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. The wound healing process requires an extracellular matrix which is the largest fibrous component consisting of collagen (Tracy et al, 2016). Collagen synthesis will begin immediately on the 3rd day after injury, which is after the proliferation of fibroblasts begins. Collagen synthesis will decrease slowly seven days after injury (Chattopadhyay & Raines, 2014)

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