Innovative technology of drying seeds of small-seeded crops

Abstract

Relevance. The priority task of agricultural science for the nearest period until 2030 is the development of seed production of agricultural crops based on the creation of new domestic high-yielding varieties and the development of innovative technologies for the cultivation, harvesting and processing of these crops. The analysis showed that the existing technologies and drying plants for small-seeded crops have low productivity and high energy consumption. This served as the basis for the development of a new technology and technological scheme of innovative drying of seeds of small-seeded crops.Methods and objects of research. The objects of the study are the drying units SCM-1 of the joint production of the Bryansk and Bezhetsky plants, as well as the SKU-10 (Tvertsa) produced by JSC «Tverselmash». SCM-1 studies were carried out at the «Mir» collective farm in the Tver region in 2021 and 2022, SKU-10 — in the OP NIIL (Torzhok) in 2022 using the technical characteristics of manufacturers and production indicators. Experimental and production methods of comparative and systematic data analysis, methodological approaches of leading scientists involved in the research and development of drying plants were used. Heat-technological, constructive and economic calculations of the drying plant are carried out by the authors.Results. The use of seed drying technology based on an increase in the area of heat and mass transfer and the supply of coolant in multilateral and oncoming flows increases the productivity of the proposed drying plant by 1.3–2 times compared to existing ones, energy consumption has significantly decreased.