Abstract
The purchase of agricultural machinery should be determined by technological and technical policies. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of grain production through the use of innovative resource-saving technologies and equipment. The solution of this problem includes the definition of model farms that characterize the soil and production conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Siberia, the development of mathematical tools, the calculation of promising compositions of the machine and tractor fleet and alternative options for grain production technologies, depending on the availability of agricultural producers with resources. It allowed us to establish that if a commodity producer can spend 10-12 thousand rubles per 1 ha of grain crops on chemization and has 4 machine operators per 1000 ha of grain crops, then it can work on the classical intensive technology based on dump plowing and or deep loosening; if at the same level of chemization per 1 ha of grain crops and has 3 machine operators per 1000 ha of grain crops,then it must switch to intensive resource-saving technology at minimum or zero tillage. Switching to more energy-intensive tractors and resource-saving technologies allows you to save fuel by 30-35%, personnel by 1.5-2.5 times, and operating costs by 10-15%.
Highlights
Over the past decades, Russia has changed its social system and farming system, new resource-saving technologies based on minimum and zero tillage have appeared, and the number of energy-saturated tractors, forage and grain harvesters, and wide-range sowing complexes has increased
You can work with the simplest technologies, having an inexpensive machine and tractor fleet and low cost of grain, but this will require more machine operators, since there will be the lowest level of labor productivity
The minimum cost of the technology is based on minimum tillage, but the agricultural producer will choose the "No-Till" technology if he has only 2 machine operators per 1000 hectares of grain crops
Summary
Russia has changed its social system and farming system, new resource-saving technologies based on minimum and zero tillage have appeared, and the number of energy-saturated tractors, forage and grain harvesters, and wide-range sowing complexes has increased. This required new methodological approaches to choosing alternative technologies and machine complexes depending on the resource availability of the producers themselves. According to Belarusian scientists, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of agricultural production on the basis of strategic planning in the field of technical equipment of enterprises [14] We support this statement, but we emphasize the need for a systematic approach.
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