Abstract
Intelligent energy facilities, e.g., smart grids and microgrids are the evolution of traditional energy grids through digital transformation. These modern paradigms are expected to foster the utilization of renewable energies, sustainable development, and resilience of the power grid. A barrier found when deploying experimental smart grids and microgrids consists of handling the heterogeneity of the required hardware and software components as well as the available commercial equipment. Despite the fact that there is various architecture proposed in previous literature, it commonly lacks experimental validation, specification of involved equipment concerning industrial/proprietary or open-source nature, and concretization of communication protocols. To overcome such drawbacks, this paper proposes an innovative multi-layered architecture to deploy heterogeneous automation and monitoring systems for microgrids. The architecture is structured into six functional layers to organize the hardware and software equipment in an integrated manner. The open protocol Modbus TCP is chosen to harmonize communications, enabling the interconnection of equipment from industrial and energy scopes, indeed of open-source nature. An experimental photovoltaic-based smart microgrid is reported as the application case to demonstrate the suitability and validity of the proposal.
Highlights
The digital transformation of the energy industry is leading to the intelligent power grids, i.e., smart grids [1]
Microgrids belong to this paradigm, comprising a set of distributed energy resources, loads, energy storage means [2] as well as advanced automation and monitoring systems interconnected around a communication network [3]
Two DS18B20digital temperature sensors were placed in the diagonal of the modules, whereas a Pt-100 temperature probe was located in the center area
Summary
The digital transformation of the energy industry is leading to the intelligent power grids, i.e., smart grids [1]. Related modern concepts are the so-called Energy Internet [5], Energy Digitalization [5], the Internet of Energy (IoE) [6], and the Energy 4.0 [7], pivoting all of them around the interconnection of a variety of hardware and software nodes through communication networks for energy monitoring and management. The path towards such frameworks requires the establishment of data communications among all actors, being able to work together seamlessly in an interoperable manner [8]
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