Innovative models of enterprise activities in global value chains

Abstract

Methods. The research is based on the use of such general scientific methods as: logical and historical – to study the historical conditions of the development of the world economy, which influenced the change of scientific ideas about the nature of the innovation process; general and specific – to establish the specifics of theoretical innovation models; analysis and synthesis – to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of open innovations. Results. The evolution of scientists’ views on the nature of innovation processes is traced in the article. Five dominant theoretical models of innovation are characterized, namely: «technological push», «market involvement», «combination of technological capabilities and market needs», «integrated innovation process», «chain» and «open innovation». The relationship between changes in the economic system of society and the development of scientific ideas about the nature of innovation processes has been established. Specific features of the open innovation model are singled out and directions of its application in the organization of innovative activities of enterprises joining global value chains are demonstrated. The advantages and disadvantages of the model of open innovation in global value chains are demonstrated. Novelty. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the determination of the possibilities of using various types of open innovations existing at the current stage in global value creation chains, for which their ranking was carried out based on the combination of the value of the level of innovation inclusion in the global value creation chain and the purpose of the enterprise’s activity. Practical value. The results of the study reveal the variability of theoretical ideas about the innovation process depending on the transformations of economic systems, and therefore allow enterprises to choose more effective competitive strategies for their development.