Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of supplying recharge points for Electric Vehicles converting water pressure in excess into electric energy from a water distribution network. A real water distribution network was analyzed, by designing a power station consisting of three components: a Pump-as-Turbine, an ad hoc generator, and a control system. The last one controls the flow rate trend at the inlet of the Pump-as-Turbine to regulate the rotational speed corresponding to the optimal range of efficiency. Energy produced permits to supply a recharging point for Electric Vehicles on site with the aim to convert water pressure generally dissipated and, consequently, lost into a renewable energy and to reduce power grid congestion. The economic analysis confirms the convenience of the proposed power station, and overall, a comparable cost with pressure reduction valve devices normally adopted to control pressure pattern and leakages of a water distribution network.
Highlights
The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris defined the guidelines for a Community policy to reduce emissions
This rather slow growth is due to numerous causes, among which certainly a higher cost of electric vehicles (EVs), the uncertainty of the state of charge (SOC), and state of health estimation (SOH) of the EVs’ batteries [1] but above all the problems related to the power production
The goal is to replace the existing pressure reducing valves (PRVs) with a PAT to recover all possible energy normally lost thanks to PRVs, converting the hydraulic head obtained as the difference between the upstream pressure head (TANK) and the required backpressure to satisfy water demands
Summary
The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris defined the guidelines for a Community policy to reduce emissions. The usefulness of EVs is undoubted in terms of reduced emissions; data show that, in Italy, the number of EVs is not significantly increasing. This rather slow growth is due to numerous causes, among which certainly a higher cost of EVs, the uncertainty of the state of charge (SOC), and state of health estimation (SOH) of the EVs’ batteries [1] but above all the problems related to the power production. Started to produce nuclear energy in the early 1960s, but all plants were closed by 1990 following the Italian nuclear power referendum. On 2011, Italian voters passed a referendum to cancel plans for new reactors
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