INNOVATIVE METHODS OF PLANNING AND RECONSTRUCTION OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE BUILDINGS USING A 3D SCANNER

Abstract

During the war, many houses were completely or partially destroyed. Damaged residential buildings, historical buildings are of particular importance as monuments of architecture and art and cannot be restored. Thanks to the bombing, a whole historical era was lost. For restoration and rebuilding or reconstruction, qualitative analysis and assessment of the degree of destruction are required. There are many well-known methods of assessing the destruction and damage of buildings, which were used by architects and urban planners. The following types of technical inspection of the condition of buildings are known: general inspection and continuous inspection of destroyed buildings; diagnosis of the construction of buildings to obtain the opinion of experts on the development of a project for the repair or reconstruction of the building; carrying out an engineering and technical examination to determine the condition of the entire building or individual load-bearing structures and to identify the degree of damage or deformations. There is a problem of their restoration, rebuilding or reconstruction. To solve this problem, it is necessary to determine the degree of damage and develop a project of reconstruction or reconstruction, for this: determine the factors of deformation, damage to the structure of buildings; find out the level of danger in the operation of the building and its structures; calculate the possibility of increasing loads on the structure and its bearing capacity; reveal the possibility of additions to existing structures and endurance. Various methods are used for examination: visual, mechanical, impression method, sclerometric, hammering or removal of metal rods, ultrasonic or pulse, radiometric and electrophysical methods. Innovative methods - GIS technologies are fast, accurate and do not require large expenditures of time and money. These are methods of computer diagnostics of building damage, among them the laser scanning method, which has a number of advantages, as it makes 50,000 points per second, scans the surface of the damaged building outside and inside the building, and is remotely controlled by a specialist in a given program. Next, they conduct computer processing of the removal, calculations of damages and their degree. Next, they build a 3-D model of the reconstruction of the building. Laser scanning of historical buildings will help restore destroyed or damaged historical monuments of architecture, which are valuable for future generations and are the historical heritage of the Ukrainian nation. Keywords: planning, reconstruction of destroyed buildings, objects of historical cultural heritage, 3-D scanner, innovative methods, reconstruction of post-war Ukraine.