Abstract
This paper addresses the need for radically new innovative technology to produce liquid iron and steel. The salient features of these so called “direct smelting” processes are also discussed, as are the developments in iron blast furnaces and steelmaking technology and processes. The energy required for a direct smelting process, based on injection of coal and domestic iron ores and other raw materials, has been calculated and compared with various similar direct smelting processes as well as existing blast furnaces. Finally, the future trends in the liquid iron and steelmaking technology and processes have been speculated.
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