Abstract
Digital and information technologies are heavily pervading several aspects of human activities, improving our life quality. Health systems are undergoing a real technological revolution, radically changing how medical services are provided, thanks to the wide employment of the Internet of Things (IoT) platforms supporting advanced monitoring services and intelligent inferring systems. This paper reports, at first, a comprehensive overview of innovative sensing systems for monitoring biophysical and psychophysical parameters, all suitable for integration with wearable or portable accessories. Wearable devices represent a headstone on which the IoT-based healthcare platforms are based, providing capillary and real-time monitoring of patient’s conditions. Besides, a survey of modern architectures and supported services by IoT platforms for health monitoring is presented, providing useful insights for developing future healthcare systems. All considered architectures employ wearable devices to gather patient parameters and share them with a cloud platform where they are processed to provide real-time feedback. The reported discussion highlights the structural differences between the discussed frameworks, from the point of view of network configuration, data management strategy, feedback modality, etc.
Highlights
The rapid evolution of technology in recent decades has led to availability in the market of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) devices that feature increasingly cutting-edge performance, allowing for a significant improvement in daily activities [1,2,3].Due to the COVID-19 emergency, a further boost occurred in the digitization process, encouraging the collaboration between medicine and technology to implement increasingly accurate health services and allowing a significant technological development in the health sector and the culture of prevention [4,5,6]
A comprehensive overview of recent advances in sensing technologies to monitor the biophysical parameters suitable for integration into wearable and portable devices; we focused on advanced techniques for monitoring HR, BP, respiration rate (RR), blood glucose level and others, in a non-invasive or even contactless way
Spanò et al introduced a system for remote ECG monitoring int grated with an Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure, consisted of ECG prototype sensors equipped with th record-low Energy per Effective Number of Quantized Levels (EEQNL), an architectu enabling the combination of low-cost sensors with other intelligent home systems usin the IoT infrastructure (Figure 22) [70]
Summary
The rapid evolution of technology in recent decades has led to availability in the market of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) devices that feature increasingly cutting-edge performance, allowing for a significant improvement in daily activities [1,2,3]. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) platforms are revolutionizing the health systems, opening new frontiers in home medical care, allowing integrated, capillary, and precise monitoring of the patients’ conditions, reduction of management costs, better diagnosis, earlier prevention, continuous tracking, and more rapid intervention [8,9,10]. These platforms aim to provide a secure connection to source devices for collecting data, processing them to extract helpful information, and securely storing them.
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