Innovative Extraction Techniques Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Analytical Methods for the Isolation and Characterization of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Plant Material.

Milena Ivanović,Mitja Kolar,Maša Islamčević Razboršek

doi:10.3390/plants9111428

Milena Ivanović, Mitja Kolar + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111428

Copy DOI

Abstract

The growing interest of the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries in naturally occurring bioactive compounds or secondary plant metabolites also leads to a growing demand for the development of new and more effective analysis and isolation techniques. The extraction of bioactive compounds from plant material has always been a challenge, accompanied by increasingly strict control requirements for the final products and a growing interest in environmental protection. However, great efforts have been made in this direction and today a considerable number of innovative extraction techniques have been developed using green, environmentally friendly solvents. These solvents include the deep eutectic solvents (DES) and their natural equivalents, the natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Due to their adjustable physical-chemical properties and their green character, it is expected that DES/NADES could be the most widely used solvents in the future, not only in extraction processes but also in other research areas such as catalysis, electrochemistry or organic synthesis. Consequently, this review provided an up-to-date systematic overview of the use of DES/NADES in combination with innovative extraction techniques for the isolation of bioactive compounds from various plant materials. The topicality of the field was confirmed by a detailed search on the platform WoS (Web of Science), which resulted in more than 100 original research papers on DES/NADES for bioactive compounds in the last three years. Besides the isolation of bioactive compounds from plants, different analytical methods are presented and discussed.

Highlights

Due to the growing social awareness for the consumption of healthy and value-added nutrition, the production of functional foods and various dietary supplements has gained remarkably in importance today and forms a new and fast-growing industrial market worldwide
Dai et al have demonstrated an excellent stability of the phenolic compounds of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) in deep eutectic solvents (DES) compared to 40% MeOH, indicating the possibility of direct use of these extracts in the food and pharmaceutical industry [72]
A large number of published articles, only some of which are cited in this paper, indicate the topicality of the field over bioactive compounds

Summary

Introduction

Due to the growing social awareness for the consumption of healthy and value-added nutrition, the production of functional foods and various dietary supplements has gained remarkably in importance today and forms a new and fast-growing industrial market worldwide. Dai et al have demonstrated an excellent stability of the phenolic compounds of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) in DES compared to 40% MeOH, indicating the possibility of direct use of these extracts in the food and pharmaceutical industry [72] Since these data, the number of published research articles describing the use of DES/NADES as an extraction medium for the isolation of different classes of bioactive compounds with a broad polarity range has increased significantly (Figure 2). An optimization of the extraction process was achieved by using an RSM, whereby the authors considered the following extraction conditions as optimal: a temperature of 70 ◦ C, an irradiation time of 11.11 min, a microwave power of 800 W and a solid–liquid ratio of 0.007 g·mL−1 [141] They confirmed a statistically significant increase in extraction yields of five selected analytes compared to the results obtained by hot reflux extraction and UAE.

New Trends in Extractions of Bioactive Compounds

Conclusions with Future Perspectives

Findings

Objectives