Innovative edible food wraps from tilapia fish bone gelatin and passion fruit peel extract

Abstract

Biodegradable packaging accommodates innovative practical living and provides sustainable solutions to environmental issues related to commercial food packaging, the example of biodegradable packaging is Edible food wrap (EFW). EFW is a packaging material that is safe for human consumption and can be consumed together with packaged food. This study will later use a combination of tilapia fish bones (Oreochromis niloticus) as a source of collagen or protein and passion fruit peel extract as a source of antioxidants and antimicrobials. This combination has rarely been explored before, thus providing a novel aspect in the EFW formulation. The materials needed in this study are gelatin from tilapia fish bones, chitosan, passion fruit peel extract and plasticizer glycerol. The study began by extracting gelatin from tilapia fish bones and passion fruit peel, to further identify the functional groups in gelatin and the content of active compounds in passion fruit peel extract. Furthermore, passion fruit peel extract with variations of 1 mL–3 mL was added to the mixture of gelatin, chitosan and plasticizer. The EFW obtained was then tested, including tensile properties, elongation at break, water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and oil, antimicrobial activity and morphology SEM. The results showed that EFW with the addition of passion fruit peel extract increased tensile strength and decreased elongation at break, the best results were obtained with the addition of 1.5 mL of passion fruit peel extract with tensile strength values (20.383 MPa) and elongation at break (81.2014 %), the results of EFW on solubility in water and oil showed that the greater the volume of passion fruit peel extract, the faster the dissolution time of EFW in water and oil. However, the WVP value decreased with the addition of passion fruit peel extract, while the inhibition zone against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria increased with the addition of passion fruit peel extract. The EFW produced has the potential to be developed as biodegradable packaging that can extend the shelf life of products and prevent spoilage.