Abstract
The development and evaluation of a nonlinear pitch controller for wind turbine blades and the design and modeling of an associated actuator and controller was examined. The pitch actuator and controller were modeled and analyzed using Pneumatically Actuated Muscles (PAMs) for actively pitching the wind turbine blade. PAMs are very light and have a high specific work and a good contraction ratio. Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controllers were envisaged for the wind turbine pitching system at the blade tip due to its routine usage in the wind turbine industry. Deployment of controllers enables effective pitch angle tracking for power abatement at various configurations. The controller was subjected to four pitch angle trajectory signals. PID controllers were tuned to achieve satisfactory performance when subjected to the test signal. Low pitch angle errors resulted in satisfactory blade pitch angle tracking. Deployment of these controllers enhances wind turbine performance and reliability. The data suggest that the pitch system and actuator that was modeled using PAMs and PID controllers is effective providing robust pitch angle trajectory tracking. The results suggest that the proposed design can be successfully integrated into the family of wind turbine blade pitch angle controller technologies.
Highlights
1.1 Problem IntroductionWind turbines are primarily controlled by varying the pitch angle of the blade at their roots where the blades are attached to the hub of the rotor
This study focused on the development of an effective nonlinear pitch controller for wind turbine blades
The data suggest that the pitch system and actuator that was modeled using Pneumatically Actuated Muscles (PAMs) and Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controllers is effective in providing robust pitch angle trajectory tracking
Summary
Wind turbines are primarily controlled by varying the pitch angle of the blade at their roots where the blades are attached to the hub of the rotor. Minute deviations in pitch angle due to wind variations can lead to significant fluctuations in turbine blade loads affecting rated turbine power output, stability, and turbine life. Actuations of pitch angle are inhibited by high blade inertia leading to slower control response time at high or fluctuating speeds. Power required for full length pitching for large blades are high thereby undermining power generation. The lift force of any blade section results in a pressure difference between the upper and lower surface of the airfoil when the air flows past it. The pressure difference when multiplied by the area of a section of the blade length produces the lift force of dL
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