Abstract
The current study reported a new keratinolytic bacterium, which was characterized as Bacillus paramycoides and identified by 16S rRNA, and the sequence was then deposited in the GenBank (MW876249). The bacterium was able to degrade the insoluble chicken feather keratin (CFK) into amino acids (AA) through the keratinase system. The statistical optimization of the biodegradation process into AA was performed based on the Plackett–Burman design and rotatable central composite design (RCCD) on a simple solid-state fermentation medium. The optimum conditions were temperature, 37°C, 0.547 mg KH2PO4, 1.438 mg NH4Cl, and 11.61 days of incubation. Innovatively, the degradation of the CFK process was modeled using the artificial neural network (ANN), which was better than RCCD in modeling the biodegradation process. Differentiation of the AA by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of 14 AA including essential and non-essential ones; proline and aspartic acids were the most dominant. The toxicity test of AA on the HepG2 cell line did not show any negative effect either on the cell line or on the morphological alteration. B. paramycoides ZW-5 is a new eco-friendly tool for CFK degradation that could be optimized by ANN. However, additional nutritional trials are encouraged on animal models.
Highlights
The poultry industry is one of the sectors that have been subjected to various improvements but still has a critical problem, represented in poultry feather waste
The bacterial isolates were quantitively screened for the keratinase activity and amino acids (AA) production on the solid-state fermentation (SSF) medium (Figure 1)
Data illustrate that the bacterial isolate ZW-5 had the highest activity in keratinase activity and total AA produced during the chicken feather keratin (CFK) fermentation process
Summary
The poultry industry is one of the sectors that have been subjected to various improvements but still has a critical problem, represented in poultry feather waste. An important step may need to be taken to manage such a problem. The poultry industry is a worldwide important sector, through which, suitable-priced meat and eggs are produced. Organization (FAOSTAT, 2018), chickens alone represent 90% of the poultry industry in the world. Such an industry generates a considerable mass of wastes. Feathers are an important constituent of such wastes, representing 5–10% of the weight of the chicken. Billions of tons of feathers are generated all over the world that causes a real environmental challenge (Li, 2021). That is why the ideal management of such vast amounts of feathers is of great concern
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