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Abstract
Isolation of marine compounds from living invertebrates represents a major challenge for sustainable and environmentally friendly exploitation of marine bio-resources. To develop innovative technology to trap invertebrate compounds in the open sea, the proof of concept of a system combining external continuous circulation of water with XAD-amberlite solid-phase extraction was validated in an aquarium. In this work, we reported the elicitation of guanidine alkaloid production of Crambe crambe in the presence of Anemonia sulcata, both collected from the Mediterranean Sea. Besides the previously reported crambescidin 359 (1), and crambescidin acid (2), three new compounds were isolated; one carboxylated analog of 1 named crambescidin 401 (3), and two analogs of crambescin B, crambescin B 281 (4) and crambescin B 253 (5). Based on these results, a technology named Somartex® for “Self Operating MARine Trapping Extractor” was patented and built to transfer the concept from closed aquarium systems to open marine ecosystems.
Highlights
The marine environment represents a diverse and abundant reservoir of valuable molecules.Oceans cover more than 70% of the planet, extending to depths of more than 3 km and host an exceptional biodiversity consisting of more than 90% of animal phyla as well as a rich biodiversity of plants, algae and microorganisms
Our strategy is based on the observation that when the red encrusting sponge Crambe crambe from the Mediterranean Sea was introduced into an aquarium containing the cnidarian Anemonia sulcata, the anemonia died within 48 h, whereas the Crambe crambe sponge seemed not to be affected
One possible explanation is that Crambe crambe produces compounds in these conditions that are toxic to anemonia
Summary
The marine environment represents a diverse and abundant reservoir of valuable molecules. Terrestrial biodiversity and marine species, especially marine invertebrates and microorganisms, have been investigated for their potential pharmaceutical applications. Compared to their terrestrial counterparts, few marine-derived drugs have progressed through to the later stages of clinical trials [1]. We report a proof of concept for an innovative strategy enabling the trapping of molecules from invertebrates maintained alive in an aquarium This approach allows the isolation and the structural elucidation of the produced compounds without applying any stress or injury either to the animal or to its environment. To validate the approach in open marine ecosystems, a specific technology, named Somartex® (Self Operating MARine Trapping Extractor, Maximator SAS, Rantigny, France) was patented and built for testing in different marine locations and depths
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