Abstract
Purpose: The innovativeness of enterprises is dependent on many variables, including decisions regarding innovation, possessed resources and competences, and the sector of their activity. Therefore, it should be considered in a strategic dimension, both at the level of the enterprise’s strategic innovativeness and overall strategy. Strategic innovativeness, which is a long-term process that takes into account the interpenetration of various types of innovation together with strategic thinking, can be an effective tool for achieving high operating efficiency and maintaining a competitive advantage in the market. The analysis of literature on the subject, as well as observations, indicates that even within one industry, there are differences in this respect. A plethora of publications focusing on the problem of innovativeness in individual enterprises, sectors, industries, and regions were found. The authors aimed to divide industries classified by NACE (the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community) divisions into homogeneous groups in terms of the innovative undertakings of said enterprises in a given industry. Methodology: The empirical part presents the results of own research using the cluster analysis method, while all calculations were performed with the use of R software. Findings: It can be concluded that industries can be grouped into homogeneous clusters in terms of the share of innovative enterprises. The authors can also conclude that clusters listed on the basis of the share of innovative companies that introduced new or improved products and clusters listed on the basis of the share of innovative companies that introduced new or improved business processes are very similar. Implications for theory and practice: The combined value of the considerations presented in the paper is the possibility of obtaining supplementary information about the homogeneity of innovative activities of said enterprises in an individual NACE division. These results can be used for further in-depth analysis of individual groups. Originality and value: However, there is no study presenting the similarity between industries and their division into homogeneous groups in terms of the share of innovative enterprises. Such a gap became an inspiration for the research, which allowed for the verification of this scientific problem.
Highlights
The aim of the paper is to divide industries, classified according to NACE divisions, into groups that will be homogeneous in terms of the share of innovative enterprises in a given industry based on the original concept
The aim of this paper was to divide industries, classified according to NACE divisions, into groups that will be homogeneous in terms of the share of innovative enterprises
2) In the case of service enterprises, the best quality of the division was achieved when NACE divisions were separated into two clusters with respect to service enterprises that introduced new or improved products and with respect to the total share of service enterprises that introduced new or improved business processes
Summary
The issues related to the innovativeness of modern enterprises, regions and countries remain relevant, and are considered an important area of research by both theoreticians and practitioners around the world (Szopik-Depczyńska, 2018; Dyduch, 2018; Zartha et al, 2016; Dyduch, 2015; Casadeus-Masanell & Zhu, 2013; Pichlak, 2012; Christensen, 2010; Conway & Steward, 2009; Baldwin & Gelletly, 2003; Pomykalski, 2001; Kay, 1996). The complexity of processes taking place in the modern world, including the dynamics of ICT technology development and the related digital revolution, shortening the life cycle of products, networking, force enterprises to make decisions in the field of innovation and implementation of innovation strategies They allow for raising the level of their competitiveness and obtaining wider social, cultural and economic benefits for the regions in which they operate and in which they constitute an important pillar of economic, technological, and civilization development (Block, Fisch, & van Praag, 2017; Rahimi, Rostami, Shad, &Vafaei, 2017). As researchers rightly point out (Nogalski & Karpacz, 2012; Branzei & Vertinsky, 2006), the creation of innovation strategies that are effective in shaping competitiveness requires building the innovative capacity of enterprises This is done through the implementation of various activities in generating or absorbing new ideas and their implementation and supporting processes of innovativeness and a properly oriented action strategy. The scope of these activities is not unified and it differs between sectors and between enterprises operating in the same industries
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