Innovations in Multiple Sclerosis Care: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence via Machine Learning on Clinical Research and Decision-Making.

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) and its specialized subcomponent machine learning are becoming increasingly popular analytic techniques. With this growth, clinicians and health care professionals should soon expect to see an increase in diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative technologies and processes that use elements of AI. The purpose of this review is twofold. First, we provide foundational knowledge that will help health care professionals understand these modern algorithmic techniques and their implementation for classification and clustering tasks. The phrases artificial intelligence and machine learning are defined and distinguished, as are the metrics by which they are assessed and delineated. Subsequently, 7 broad categories of algorithms are discussed, and their uses explained. Second, this review highlights several key studies that exemplify advances in diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation for individuals with multiple sclerosis using a variety of data sources-from wearable sensors to questionnaires and serology-and elements of AI. This review will help health care professionals and clinicians better understand AI-dependent diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative techniques, thereby facilitating a greater quality of care.