Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a significant public health concern on a global scale. Quick and precise identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in symptomatic patients is pivotal for worldwide TB eradication initiatives. As an infectious disorder induced by MTB, it remains a critical threat to public health, particularly in poor countries, due to an inadequate diagnostic research laboratory. There is a need for a persistent incentive to reduce response time for effective diagnosis and control of TB infection, which is a benefit that molecular techniques provide over traditional methods. Although there is a tremendous overall prevalence of TB and a relatively poor probability of case identification worldwide. Common screening techniques have focused on tests that have many fundamental shortcomings. Due to the development of antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium strains, TB is one of the leading contributors to fatalities. It is now possible to examine TB using molecular detection techniques, which are faster and more cost-effective than previous methods, such as standard culture procedures to test and verify antibiotic resistance in patients with TB. Whole genome sequencing (WGS), faster nucleic acid amplification tests, has made it easier to diagnose and treat TB more quickly. This article addresses the genetic approaches for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in clinical specimens as well as antibiotic resistance in mycobacterium and discusses the practical limitations of using these methods.
Highlights
As an infectious disorder induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), it remains a critical threat to public health, in poor countries, due to an inadequate diagnostic research laboratory
This article addresses the genetic approaches for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in clinical specimens as well as antibiotic resistance in mycobacterium and discusses the practical limitations of using these methods
This review addresses the genetic approaches for detecting MTBC in clinical specimens as well as antibiotic resistance in mycobacterium and discusses the practical limitations of using these methods
Summary
In 2019, approximately 10 million people across the world were infected with TB. TB affects people of all ages and in all nations. The FDA authorized the MTD test, an isothermal method, in December 1995, to detect MTBC rRNA using smear-positive respiratory samples. The FDA has authorized the E-AMTDT (Gen-Probe®, Inc., San Diego, CA) for the immediate evaluation of MTBC in respiratory samples obtained from individuals suspected of having TB.[13] It is an RNA-based approach that depends on Kwoh's isothermal transcription-mediated amplification mechanism.[14]. During the last several years, multiple reports[18] evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical usefulness of the LCx-MTB test for speedy identification of MTBC in respiratory and non-respiratory samples. They demonstrated that the LCx-MTB test is an effective TB diagnostic method.[19]. The BD ProbeTec ET system at the same time replicates and recognizes samples in a sealed homogeneous assay format,[23] leading to increased productivity as well as a much speedier assessment
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