Innovations in Minimally Invasive Techniques for Urinary Stone Management

Abstract

The therapy of urinary stones has undergone a revolution because to minimally invasive procedures, which offer less recovery time and lower morbidity than open surgery. This extensive study delves into the latest developments in laser lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and new technologies. The investigation looks closely at these novel techniques' effectiveness, drawbacks, and changing patterns. Improvements in patient screening criteria and shockwave delivery devices, among other technological advancements in SWL, have maximised therapy results. Advances in URS, such as flexible ureteroscopes and sophisticated imaging modalities, have increased accuracy and broadened the range of stones that may be treated. PCNL's advancements in imaging and equipment miniaturisation have increased access and stone fragmentation efficiency. With its accuracy and variety of fibre shapes, laser lithotripsy is becoming a more attractive option. Looking ahead, the main concerns are going to be technology integration, tailored medication, and all-encompassing patient-centered care. For adoption to be widely adopted, issues with cost, accessibility, and complexities must still be resolved.