Innovations in metal oxides-biochar nanoparticles for dye removal

Abstract

Metal oxide-biochar nanoparticles have emerged as promising materials for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions due to their unique properties and environmental compatibility. In this mini-review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the applications of metal oxide-biochar nanoparticles for dye removal. We begin by discussing the synthesis methods employed for the fabrication of metal oxide-biochar nanoparticles, including hydrothermal synthesis, co-precipitation, and sol-gel methods. The synergistic effects of combining metal oxides with biochar are explored, highlighting the enhanced adsorption capacities and photocatalytic activities of the resulting nanocomposites. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms underlying the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of dyes by metal oxide-biochar nanoparticles. The role of surface functional groups, pore structures, and electron transfer processes in dye adsorption and degradation processes is elucidated. Additionally, we review recent studies investigating the application of metal oxide-biochar nanoparticles in real-world scenarios, including wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. Case studies demonstrating the efficacy of these nanomaterials in removing various dye pollutants from aqueous solutions are presented, emphasizing their potential for large-scale implementation. Finally, we discuss future perspectives and challenges in the field, including the need for standardized synthesis protocols, comprehensive characterization techniques, and further exploration of the environmental implications of metal oxide-biochar nanoparticles. Overall, this mini-review provides valuable insights into the recent advancements and potential applications of metal oxide-biochar nanoparticles for dye removal, highlighting their importance in addressing water pollution challenges.