Innovations in Effective Management of Energy using Green Technology

Abstract

We know from the universal law that the energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. It can be changed from one form to another form. The world is enriched with energy in many forms which are known to us or not. In most of the cases the energy like sun light, heat, wind blow etc. are in the form which are not getting used for the productive purposes. The form of energy is used by the human being is insufficient to fulfill the requirements. This results in the increased cost of production and usage. The important form of energy required for the human being is the electrical energy. The demand for electricity is increasing in such a way that it is not possible to meet the requirements. This leads to the continuous hike in the price. In this paper we are using the innovative methodology for the effective management to minimize the wastage, lower the usage cost and lower the maintenance cost of energy. The discussion in this paper is limited to Domestic electricity. The energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. It can be changed from one form to another form. The world is enriched with energy in many forms which are known or not or useful to human being or simply getting wasted. The energy available in the world for human activities are classified into primary and secondary energy, non conventional energy and conventional energy and renewable and non-renewable energy (1). The energy stored in nature are considered to be the primary energy. The energy sources are oil, coal, biomass(such as wood) and natural gas. Others include nuclear energy generated from radioactive substances, thermal energy which is stored in earth's interior, and potential energy which is due to earth's gravity. The major primary energy sources are coal, natural gas, LPG, petrol, diesel and other petrochemical byproducts. The secondary energy sources are steam energy, thermal energy, electricity etc. The industrial utilities convert the primary energy sources into secondary energy sources; for example steam and electricity are converted from coal, oil or gas. Primary energy can also be used directly. The energy sources which are not available in the market are classified as non-conventional energy. This nonconventional energy includes fuels like firewood, agricultural wastes and cattle dung which are gathered traditionally, and not for sale. These sources are very much seen in rural areas where the people look after the cattle and they possess a large area of land where they can gather the firewood for their daily needs. These methods are popularly known as traditional fuel burning system. Example: Firewood, agro waste in rural areas etc. The conventional energy whose offshoot is known commercial energy is the energy source which is available in the commercial market for a definite price. The important commercial energy forms are electricity, refined petroleum products and coal. These energy forms are required for agricultural, industrial, commercial and transport services. In the countries, where industrialization is given priority the commercialized fuels are predominant source for production, and used for any household tasks of general population. Examples: Electricity, oil, coal, lignite, natural gas etc. Renewable energy is the current potential energy resource yet to be tapped fully as the technology is still developing. These energy sources are obtained from sources that are not exhaustible. The renewable energy resources like solar power, wind power, tidal power, geothermal energy and hydroelectric power (2). These energy resources are called green because they are not at all pollutant. Non-renewable energy is extracted from the conventional fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas which are very much limited and the use of the same contribute to the environmental pollution. II. ENERGY SCENARIO IN INDIA In India Coal dominates the energy mix. This energy mix contribute 52% of the total primary energy production. Over the years, there is a remarkable increase in the share of natural gas from 10% in 1994 to 19% in 2014. Similarly the percentage of oil in the energy mix is 30% as on 2014 and natural gas accounts for about 10% of energy consumption in the country. The reserves of natural gas in India as on during 2014 is 1,354.76 Billion Cubic Meter. The total potential for renewable power generation during 2014 is 94,125 MW which include the wind power potential of 49,130 MW ( 52.2%), small hydro power (SHP) potential of 19,750 MW (20.98%), biomass power potential of 17,538 MW (18.63%), power from cogeneration in sugar mills is 5,000 MW (5.31%) and energy from waste is 2,707 MW (2.8%). The total installed capacity of electricity generation in the country is increased from 1,45,755 MW during 2006 to 2,66,644 MW during 2014. The installed capacity of electric power generating stations in India under