Innovation Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: A Cost-Effective Solution—Jordan Case Study

Abstract

Natural and semi-natural wastewater treatment system is used in the rural area, to protect the environment and to improve the treatment efficiency processes in the wastewater treatment units and reuse it in agriculture as low-cost treatment solutions especially in water scarcity countries like Jordan. Different wastewater technologies are commercially used for the treatment of municipal as well as industrial wastewater. Wetland technologies, SBR, septic tank, modified septic tank, and biofilm system are successfully implemented in Jordan in the one of an important demonstration research center and also in several cities in Jordan. Decentralized wastewater treatment processes were achieved by the aeration in aerobic systems (oxidation of organic compounds and nitrification) and wetlands system. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate developing and transferring some innovative wastewater technologies as an example in Jordan Valley as an approach for integrated water resources management (IWRM). This was implemented by several international supports to enable sustainable use of water resources. Also to demonstrate Sustainable Management of Available Water Resources with Innovative Technologies (SMART) treatment efficiency of some innovative treatment technologies of municipal wastewater in small scale and reuse it for irrigation purpose. Furthermore, it is necessary to insure the local water quality required, a cost-effective treatment, sustainability, and protection of public health. The development and adaptation of the above technologies and solutions have considered the local conditions and climate change.