Abstract
Innovation public policy has an essential role in influencing the competitive capacity of companies and is strongly associated with their ability to innovate and the way they are organized. As important as the technological organization of work is the social dimension, namely, involvement, participation, and commitment of the workforce, as these are, par excellence, factors that contribute to creating added value and differentiation for companies. In this sense, the concept of innovation depends on an integrated vision between the human dimension and the other multiple dimensions that innovation can assume. Public policies, besides the goal of creating a more modern and competitive business and industrial context, also are focused on the development of the workforce, not only in digital competences but also in soft skills. This type of skill contributes to creating a more innovative context and a culture of innovation. This article's goal is to make a global overview of innovation and the public policies to promote the modernization of companies and influence the way they contribute to economic growth.
Highlights
LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE CONCEPT OF INNOVATIONInnovation refers to something new, original, or improved. Rogers and Shoemaker (1971) state that innovation can be a new idea, a new practice, or a new material to be used in a process
Innovation public policy has an essential role in influencing the competitive capacity of companies and is strongly associated with their ability to innovate and the way they are organized
Analyzing Portugal performance in terms of innovation in the past four decades, it is possible to say that there has been an increase in expenditure of Research and Development Activities (R&D) activities, from 2.2585 (Euros-Million) in 2013 to 2.5851 (Euros-Million) in 2017, as shown in Graph 1: Graph 2 presents 1.3% of the GDP in expenditure on research and development activities, in 2017: Regarding people R&D Staff (ETI) in R&D activities, Graph 3 shows an increase from 46.711 (2013) to 54.995 (2017), representing an increase of 8.284 persons allocated to R&D activities
Summary
Innovation refers to something new, original, or improved. Rogers and Shoemaker (1971) state that innovation can be a new idea, a new practice, or a new material to be used in a process. According to Kovács (1989), organizational innovation means applying new principles to the production of goods and services, new structures and processes, new kind of relationship between people, and role models (values, attitudes, and mindsets). Depending on the situations and on the characteristics of the market (Baker and Sinkula, 2002) and on the openness of the management (Van de Ven, 1986) and the workforce competencies (Sousa and Martins, 2018), companies approach to innovation reveals a mix of types, and innovation is becoming a strategy to increase their competitive capacity
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