Abstract
Cacao is a main crops commodity in Indonesia. It is one of the source of national income, providing employment opportunities, also as land and water conservation. Most cacao cultivation are in small holders, which reached 93% in 2010 with productivity rate of 750 kg of dried beans/ha/year. The low productivity is due to low quality of plant materials, pest and disease attack, and unstandarized cultivation technology. Available superior varieties and cacao clones which commonly in use today are fine cocoa and bulk cocoa. Both have high production potentials, ranging from 1.5-2 tonnes/ha/year, but susceptive to pest and disease attack. To increase productivity and yield quality of cacao requires superior variety that is resistant to biotic stress, either F1 hybrid or clonal. The assembling of cacao varieties and clones can be done through conventional and inconventional methods. Inconventional approach using molecular technology can shorten the selection cycle of cacao plants.
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