Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and Newcastle disease are economically important avian diseases worldwide. Effective vaccination is critical to control these diseases in poultry. Live attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectored vaccines have been developed for bivalent vaccination against HPAI viruses and NDV. These vaccines have been generated by inserting the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of avian influenza virus into NDV genomes. In laboratory settings, several experimental NDV-vectored vaccines have protected specific pathogen-free chickens from mortality, clinical signs, and virus shedding against H5 and H7 HPAI viruses and NDV challenges. NDV-vectored H5 vaccines have been licensed for poultry vaccination in China and Mexico. Recently, an antigenically chimeric NDV vector has been generated to overcome pre-existing immunity to NDV in poultry and to provide early protection of poultry in the field. Prime immunization of one-day-old poults with a chimeric NDV vector followed by boosting with a conventional NDV vector has shown to protect broiler chickens against H5 HPAI viruses and a highly virulent NDV. This novel vaccination approach can provide efficient control of HPAI viruses in the field and facilitate poultry vaccination.
Highlights
Pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and Newcastle disease are economically important avian diseases worldwide
Prime immunization of one-day-old poults with a chimeric Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector followed by boosting with a conventional NDV vector has shown to protect broiler chickens against H5 Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses and a highly virulent NDV
This novel vaccination approach can provide efficient control of HPAI viruses in the field and facilitate poultry vaccination
Summary
Avian influenza virus (AIV) is an economically important pathogen of poultry worldwide. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses contain multiple basic amino acids at the HA0 cleavage site, resulting in cleavability of the HA protein by ubiquitous intracellular proteases. Vaccine development has become a critical component for controlling AIV infection in poultry efficiently, and for preventing the transmission of these viruses from birds to humans. The NDV-vectored vaccines were highly restricted for replication in the respiratory tract and provided protection against challenge with HPAI viruses, indicating their potential use for human vaccination. This approach has been further evaluated for poultry vaccination against HPAI viruses.
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