Innovation ecosystems in health: countries and theoretical models used

Abstract

This article sought to analyze the innovation ecosystems in health, countries that develop them and the theoretical models they resort to. To this end, three databases carried out a systematic review through a bibliographic search in English, Spanish and Portuguese. 40% of health innovation ecosystems are in the USA, 13% in South Africa, 10% in the UK, 6.67% in Namibia, and 30% in various countries. Of the theoretical models used, 13% resort to the quadruple helix, open innovation 13%, the triple helix 10%, and ehealth 7%. The USA concentrated the development of innovation ecosystems. Quadruple helix and open innovation, were the theorical models frequently used, both includes society as part of its implementation.