Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the impact of regional and technological innovation systems on innovation cooperation. We develop an indicator applicable to regions, which demonstrates the relative regional impact on innovation cooperation. Applying this method to German patent data, we find that regional differences in the degree of innovation cooperation do not only depend on the technology structure of a region but also on specific regional effects. High-tech oriented regions, whether east or west, are not automatically highly cooperative regions. East German regions have experienced a dynamic development of innovation cooperation since re-unification in 1990. Their cooperation intensity remains higher than in West German regions.
Highlights
Innovations often take place collectively when different actors cooperate in order to create something new (Allen 1983)
Studies based on technological innovation systems typically refer to certain sectors or technologies (e.g. MacKelvey 1996, Miyazaki/Islam 2007), and there are many empirical analyses pertaining to regional innovation systems (e.g. Asheim/Isaksen 1997, Morgan 1999)
We suggest the RELATIVE REGIONAL IMPACT (RRI) indicator as a means to measure the strength of a regional innovation system and to track its performance over time
Summary
Innovations often take place collectively when different actors cooperate in order to create something new (Allen 1983). We find evidence for the importance of public funding for successful cooperation in technology-intensive East German regions (Schwartz et al 2012) While these studies use survey data, which became available in the late 1990s, other empirical studies use patent data and analyse cooperative innovation in selected regions in East Germany. The main contribution of this paper is to analyse the emergence of innovation cooperation since the beginning of transition, covering all of East (and West) Germany For this purpose, this paper focuses on technological and regional aspects of innovation systems, making use of an indicator that shows whether regional factors have an impact on cooperation that is below or above average, controlling for the technological size and structure of a region.
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