Abstract
Airports operate in a highly-competitive and challenging environment. Therefore, in order to remain competitive, innovation is imperative for airports. This paper aims to conduct academic research into innovation at airports by reviewing studies published from 2000 to 2019 for presenting key findings. A systematic literature review was made based on scientific papers indexed in Scopus with the keywords innovation and airport in the title, abstract or keywords sections, consolidating the innovation focus, approach and degree discussed with respect to innovation areas and territorial focal points. Consequently, it was found that research on airport innovation is: (i) mainly focused on products/services, (ii) concerned with leveraging ICT (Informatıon Communication Technology), (iii) implemented ad-hoc without a consolidated strategic approach, and (iv) lacks the input of external innovation scholars and specialists.
Highlights
The air transportation industry is continuously changing (Chambers, 2007) with a rapid growth in both traffic and passenger expectations
It was determined that the majority of the specific studies were addressing airport innovation in Europe (27%)
This was assumed to be a result of the European Union’s (EU) transformation policy towards an innovation nation, driven by grants in the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (H2020) with calls regarding societal challenges, smart, green and integrated transportation, and further supported by academic projects such as Clean Sky, DORA, SESARJU. These initiatives in the EU could partially explain the greater amount of academic research on airport innovation than in other parts of the world
Summary
The air transportation industry is continuously changing (Chambers, 2007) with a rapid growth in both traffic and passenger expectations. The success and continuous growth of airports are vitally important They need to upgrade themselves to introduce new products, services, processes, strategies and business models to remain competitive, which can be achieved by innovation (Humphrey & Schmitz, 2002). Innovation is the added value generation (Jacobides et al, 2006) by new ideas, methods, or devices (MerriamWebster, 2017) It is about the interaction of technology, market and organization, where competitive advantage can be achieved by generation and delivery of new product and service offerings (Tidd & Bessant, 2013). Incremental innovations represent a low degree of new knowledge, which are mainly reflected in small improvements, compared to radical innovations that involve a high degree of the latest knowledge towards a totally new solution (Dewar & Dutton, 1986) or a new value proposition (Christensen, 2013) Disruptive innovations have such a high impact that older propositions become outdated. Innovation is not necessarily around a bold idea and can be achieved in various levels
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